[Mb-civic] Politics Surround Intelligence Reform Hasty Action Leaves Too Many Gaps and Problems By U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd

[Michael Butler]

  Politics Surround Intelligence Reform
  Hasty Action Leaves Too Many Gaps and Problems
   By U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd
   t r u t h o u t | Speech

  Wednesday 08 December 2004

U.S. Senator Robert C. Byrd, D-W.Va., delivered the following remarks as the
Senate prepared to vote on the conference report on the National
Intelligence Reform Act. Byrd criticized the hasty passage of the most
significant reform of the nation's intelligence agencies since 1947, with
Senators having less than 24 hours to review the final legislation.

Byrd also was critical of many of the provisions within the legislation. For
instance, Byrd noted a provision requiring the new National Intelligence
Director to submit any testimony before Congress to the White House Office
of Management and Budget (OMB) for approval prior to delivery. Byrd is
concerned that requiring OMB approval can prevent Congress from receiving
non-partisan intelligence analysis.

Overall, the West Virginia lawmaker believes that such substantial
legislation deserves a higher standard of consideration in the world's
foremost deliberative body. Senator Byrd was one of two Senators to vote
against the bill.

  Senator Byrd's Remarks:

  When the elected representatives of the people allow themselves to be
coerced into a process that encourages the abdication of our responsibility
to understand and thoroughly review legislation, the people are robbed of
their voice in their government.

  Senators take an oath to defend the Constitution, and common sense
suggests that that means reading and studying the legislation before the
Congress. We are duty bound to explore the opinions on all sides of an
issue, and to work toward a process that does not exclude opponents or
silence the opposition.

  In its heyday, the Senate was known as the greatest deliberative body in
the world. What we have seen in recent times, however, is a hollow shell of
that noble tradition. Time after time, the Senate forgoes its responsibility
to deliberate and carefully review legislation, and even defers to others to
craft legislation for it.

  Legislation is passed by the Senate, and then, too often, hastily
rewritten in a conference committee behind closed doors marked, "no minority
view admitted." All too often during the 108th Congress, the party
leadership has held bills until just before a recess, and then employed
disingenuous rhetoric about last opportunities to get something done.
Senators preoccupied with holiday schedules and travel plans, for example,
timidly roll over and accept whatever is placed in front of them. They do it
time and time again.

  I anguish about the eroding character of the Senate, and the message it
sends to the American people, when this body allows itself to be stampeded
into passing legislation without thorough examination. We congratulate
ourselves on a job well done, and vote overwhelmingly in support of
legislation, and yet we cannot even be bothered to ask questions about the
changes made in conference. Like pygmies on the battlefield of history, we
cower like whipped dogs in the face of political pressure when it comes to
issues like intelligence reform.

   I do not claim to know as much about this legislation as the managers of
the bill, but I do know about process, and it galls me that the Senate has
allowed itself to be jammed against a time deadline in considering this
conference report.

  This is the most far reaching reorganization of our intelligence agencies
since 1947. These changes will remain for decades, and they will impact the
security of our nation at countless levels. Such matters ought to be held to
a higher standard of consideration by the Congress than is the case here.

   This conference report has been reworked and redrafted over the course of
two months in a closed door conference, and the Senate has only received a
printed copy of the conference agreement less than 24 hours ago. As late as
yesterday, the conferees were making changes. It is outrageous to expect
Senators to read and understand a 600-page bill in less than 24 hours.

  This conference agreement is very different from the legislation that was
passed by the House of Representatives and the Senate two months ago. For
example, a number of provisions related to the Patriot Act and law
enforcement powers have been inserted into this bill, which, again, have
never been considered on the Senate floor.

  This legislation has encountered virulent opposition since the time of its
conception, and while it may enjoy the support of a majority of members here
today, nobody can say with any confidence or certainty as to how this new
layer of bureaucracy will affect our intelligence agencies or the security
of our country. We don't know if it will enable them to better guard against
a terrorist attack or whether it will cause a host of unforseen problems.
And we are failing, in yet another misguided rush to judgment, to take the
time and effort to find out.

  The Senate barely understands how the experts line up on this bill. The
9-11 Commission is for it, that much we know. But former CIA Director George
Tenet said last week that he opposes this bill. That is sobering criticism
from someone who, having left government months ago, no longer has any turf
to protect.

  A distinguished group of national security experts wrote in September that
they oppose any intelligence reform this year. That group included former
Senate Intelligence Committee Chairman David Boren; former Senator Bill
Bradley; former Secretary of Defense Frank Carlucci; former Secretary of
Defense Bill Cohen; former CIA Director Robert Gates; former Deputy
Secretary of Defense John Hamre; former Senator Gary Hart; former Secretary
of State Henry Kissinger; former Senate Armed Services Committee Chairman
Sam Nunn; former Senator Warren Rudman; and former Secretary of State George
Schultz.

  We do not know how these experts regard the bill today. Why should
Senators forgo the valuable insight of almost every public figure who may
actually be able to assess what is in this new version of intelligence
reform?

  I say again, let us not believe that we understand what has been included
in this conference report. It is, in effect, a new bill that is very
different from anything the Senate has considered to date. Common sense
suggests that the Congress ought to hold hearings on the contents of this
new bill, so that we may be informed by experts about its benefits and
defects.

   There is no reason why the Senate cannot proceed in this prudent manner
early next year. Instead of viewing this conference report as the final
stage of the process, we ought to consider it the starting point for debate
next year. We ought to invite witnesses back to testify on it, and then
allow the process to begin anew, outside the election cycle and built on the
foundation of knowledge acquired this year.

  Instead, we are allowing ourselves to be lulled into the fallacious belief
that we must accept this bill or risk its not passing next year, with some
even suggesting that a terrorist attack could result without it. That's
nonsense, and don't you believe it. No legislation, alone, can forestall a
terrorist attack on our country.

  The momentum is strong now to reform our intelligence agencies, and I
submit that the greater risk is not that the momentum will dissipate next
year if this bill does not pass this week, but that the passage of this bill
will remove any incentive to focus on the broader intelligence failures that
have occurred outside the war on terror.

   This legislation is appropriately focused on the failings of 9-11, but
oblivious to the many other glaring deficiencies in our intelligence
community. Our country went to war in Iraq on the shoulders of false claims
about weapons of mass destruction, but this bill dances around that issue on
tippy-toes. It is as though Congress is too afraid to mention the fact that
faulty intelligence claims deceived the public into believing that there was
an imminent threat from Saddam Hussein.

   Why is Congress avoiding that critical issue? Is it because some do not
wish to expose the role of the White House in feeding bad intelligence to
the American people? The Founding Fathers intended Congress to be a check on
the power of the Chief Executive, but increasingly Congress appears content
to be merely a cheerleader for the president, depending upon which party
might be in control at a given moment.

   The intelligence bill fails to address the unfolding prison abuse
scandals in Iraq, Afghanistan, and Guantanamo Bay. The Armed Services
Committee has held six hearings on the abuse of prisoners in U.S. military
jails. There is mounting evidence that the CIA had some hand in the
mistreatment of detainees. The Red Cross has reported on the illegal
practices of U.S. intelligence agencies holding "ghost detainees" in secret
prisons. Why is this intelligence bill silent on such outrageous policies?
How can Congress claim to fix what is wrong with our intelligence agencies
if this major piece of legislation doesn't even address such colossal
intelligence failures?

  The only way to reduce the risk of such failures is to ensure the
accountability of this new Intelligence Director to the people's
representatives in the Congress. It is Congress that must make the decision
to declare war, and it is the Congress that is responsible for the oversight
of this new Intelligence Program to help guard against future intelligence
failures. It is paramount that the Congress do everything possible to ensure
itself access to timely, objective intelligence. Yet, that is not what we
see in this legislation.

  The conference agreement eliminates provisions to ensure that the Congress
receives timely access to intelligence, and it also allows the White House's
Office of Management and Budget to screen testimony before the Intelligence
Director presents it to the Congress. Whistle blower protections for
intelligence officials who report to the Congress also have been stricken
from the Senate-passed bill.

  The conference agreement creates senior intelligence positions, but
exempts many of them from confirmation by the Senate. It eliminates the
privacy and civil rights officers included in the Senate-passed bill, and it
strips 18 pages of legislative text that would have created an Inspector
General and Ombudsman to oversee the Intelligence Director's office. That
language has been replaced with one paragraph, authorizing the Intelligence
Director, at his discretion, to create or not to create an Inspector
General, and provides the Director with the power to decide which, if any
investigative powers, to grant the Inspector General.

  That means the new Intelligence Director could exempt his office from
Inspector General audits and investigations, and that the Congress would not
receive reports from an objective internal auditor. The Congress is limiting
its own access to vital information within this new Intelligence Office, and
it will have, thereby, compromised an essential mechanism for identifying
potential abuses within the new Intelligence Program.

  Given the dark history of abuses of civil liberties and privacy rights by
our intelligence community, I had hoped that the Congress would exercise
more caution, but it has not done so in this legislation.

  The 9/11 Commission recognized that its recommendations call for the
government to increase its presence in people's lives, and so it wisely
endorsed the creation of an independent Civil Liberties Board to defend our
privacy rights and liberties. The Senate-passed bill embraced this
recommendation and included additional protections to help ensure that
executive agencies could not exert undue influence on the Board. This
conference agreement scuttles those protections by burying the Board deep
inside of the Office of the President, subjecting Board members to White
House pressure.

   The conferees included language making changes to the 1978 Foreign
Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), the law that blurs the rules on
electronic surveillance and physical searches by the U.S. government. This
conference report states that the Intelligence Director shall have authority
to direct or undertake electronic surveillance and physical search
operations pursuant to FISA if authorized by statute or executive order.
This is dangerous ground to walk when the president, through executive
order, and, without the authorization of the Congress, can direct this new
Intelligence Director to undertake electronic surveillance and physical
search operations.

   Yet another provision would make terrorist crimes subject to a rebuttable
presumption of pretrial detention, which means that prosecutors won't be
required to show a judge that the defendant is a flight risk. Instead, the
defendant will be presumed to be a flight risk. Are Senators sure we are not
trampling on the civil liberties of the American people with the hasty
passage of this conference report?

   Again, few, if any, Senate hearings have been held on these provisions by
the full Senate Judiciary Committee. The inclusion of these provisions in
Title VI, with so little examination of their real meaning, reminds me of
how the Patriot Act itself was enacted: in haste, with insufficient review,
and with no real understanding of its true consequences.

  These are unsettling provisions, and the Senate ought to insist on its
rights to consider them more carefully. The Senate has not had enough time
to understand this legislation or its implications. This new Intelligence
Director has been granted significant authorities, and the Congress has not
done enough to ensure adequate checks on the actions of the Intelligence
Director.

  With regard to homeland security, the bill authorizes a significant
increase in the number of border patrol agents, immigration investigators,
and a significant increase in the number of beds for immigration detention.
The bill also authorizes increased funding for air cargo security and for
screening airline passengers for explosives. All of these are worthy goals,
but the provisions are just empty promises. Last September, when I offered
an amendment to the Homeland Security Appropriations bill to fund these
precise activities, the White House opposed the amendment and my Republican
colleagues lined up and voted against it. Today, members will line up and
vote for more empty promises.

  President Bush had the opportunity to support Congressman Sensenbrenner
and insist on tougher immigration reforms in this bill, but he welched.
Senators talk about reforms needed to protect against terrorism, and the
fact is that this bill is a hodge podge of empty border security promises
that the Administration has no intention of funding, and that will only
encourage the kind of illegal immigration that leaves our country wide open
to terrorists.

   It may well be that the only problem that this bill will actually fix is
one of politics. Passing this bill in the waning hours of the 108th Congress
means that, for all intents and purposes, intelligence reform will be
removed from the agenda of the next Congress. By passing this bill today,
the Senate will be giving political cover to those who wish to dismiss calls
for more thorough reform of intelligence agencies to fix problems that are
not addressed in the legislation, including the Iraq WMD fiasco and the
abuse of prisoners in secret detention facilities.

   Intelligence reform should be done right the first time. But the actual
implementation of this bill will be shrouded in secrecy and hidden from
public scrutiny. Under this conference report, the total amount of
intelligence spending will remain classified, so the American people may
never know if the President is short-changing the reform effort that this
bill requires. Senators ought not be so willing to rush this bill through,
knowing that it may serve as political cover for an Administration that has
a sorry history of promising big reform efforts that it never funds.

  The 9/11 Commission's endorsement of this legislation will mean nothing if
these so-called reforms lead to future intelligence failures.

   What the American people will remember is that the Congress abdicated its
role to protect their security interests. The American people will remember
that the Congress empowered an unelected bureaucrat while doing little else
to protect against future intelligence failures.

   This process has been hurried and rushed from the beginning, and it has
been tainted ever since the decision was made to tie its consideration to a
political schedule.

   When the 9/11 Commission needed more time to conduct its investigations
into the September 11 attacks, the Congress acted magnanimously in granting
a two month extension. Senators said at the time: "It would be
counterproductive to deny the commission the extra two months it now says it
needs to complete its investigations...we cannot feel we are successfully
prepared to fight and win the war on terrorism and to protect the American
people at home..."

  The Founding Fathers would be ashamed of the notion that time is a luxury
reserved for the unelected members of independent commissions. What about
the Senate, and the elected representatives of the people that serve in this
Body? The Framers of the Constitution conceived a Senate that would resist
the forces that urge us to bend with each change in the political breeze. To
the contrary, the Constitution binds Senators to serve the greater causes of
the Republic, and reserves the power of each member to demand more time for
debate and thoughtful consideration.

  Shame on us for not invoking that wisdom in claiming the additional time
we need to better assess this legislation.

 

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